Guide

Embroidery file formats — PES, DST, JEF, EXP, VP3 explained

Embroidery formats are not image formats. Each one stores ordered stitch coordinates plus the jumps, trims, and colour stops the machine needs. This page explains what is inside each format and which machines read it.

What is inside an embroidery file

An embroidery file is a sequence of machine instructions: move the needle to this coordinate and stitch, jump without stitching, trim the thread, stop for a colour change, end. Coordinates are stored in fixed units — Stichii works in 0.1 mm internally, which is what every one of these binary formats expects.

That is why renaming a PNG to .pes does nothing. There are no stitches in a picture. The artwork has to be digitized into ordered stitch paths first, with density, underlay, and stitch direction decided along the way.

The formats

Stichii writes all five major machine formats, and every one is validated against pyembroidery — the reference library also used by Ink/Stitch and other open-source embroidery tools.

  • PES — Brother and Babylock. Carries an embedded PEC stitch block and the thread palette.
  • DST — Tajima, and the de facto standard for commercial machines. Stitch data only, no colours.
  • JEF — Janome. Header, colour palette, then the stitch stream.
  • EXP — Melco and Bernina. A bare stream of coordinate deltas.
  • VP3 — Pfaff and Husqvarna Viking. Nested blocks with full colour and metadata.

Why DST files have no colours

DST stores stitches and colour-change stops, but not which colours those are — the operator sets the thread order at the machine. That is a feature in commercial work, where thread assignment belongs to the shop, and a surprise for home users who expect the file to remember.

If you need colours to travel with the file, use PES, JEF, or VP3. Stichii exports the same design to any of them, so you can send DST to a contractor and keep a PES for yourself.

Frequently asked questions

Can I rename a PNG or JPG to .pes?
No. An embroidery file contains ordered stitch coordinates and machine commands, not pixels. The artwork must be digitized into stitch paths first.
Which embroidery format should I use?
Match your machine: PES for Brother and Babylock, DST for Tajima and most commercial machines, JEF for Janome, EXP for Melco and Bernina, VP3 for Pfaff and Husqvarna Viking.
Why does my DST file lose the thread colours?
DST stores colour-change stops but not the colours themselves — thread assignment happens at the machine. Use PES, JEF, or VP3 if the colours need to travel with the file.
Can I convert between embroidery formats?
Yes. Import a PES or DST into Stichii, edit if you want, and export to any supported format.

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